| ping | Test network connectivity | ping baidu.com | |
| traceroute | Route tracing | traceroute ip | |
| route | Routing table | route -n | |
| netstat | Network connections | netstat -ano | |
| nslookup | DNS resolution | nslookup baidu.com | |
| ifconfig | Network configuration | ifconfig | |
| arp | ARP cache | arp -a | |
| nbtstat | NetBIOS | nbtstat -n | |
| netsh | Network configuration | netsh | |
| net | Network configuration | net | |
| tcpdump | Packet capture | tcpdump | |
| wireshark | Packet capture | wireshark | |
| ip | Network configuration | ip addr show | |
| ss | Network connections | ss -tunlp | |
| netstat | View network connection state | netstat -anp | |
| tcpdump | Packet-capture utility | tcpdump -i eth0 -nn -s 0 -c 1000 -w /tmp/tcpdump.pcap | |
| iptables | Firewall | iptables -L -n -v -t nat -t mangle -t filter | |
| ss | netstat replacement | ss -anp | |
| ifconfig | View NIC information | ifconfig eth0 | |
| ip | View NIC information | ip addr show eth0 | |
| route | View routing table | route -n | |
| traceroute | View routing hops | traceroute www.baidu.com | |
| ping | Test network connectivity | ping www.baidu.com | |
| telnet | Test port connectivity | telnet www.baidu.com 80 | |
| nslookup | Domain resolution | nslookup www.baidu.com | |
| dig | Domain resolution | dig www.baidu.com | |
| arp | View ARP cache | arp -a | |
| netcat | Network debugging tool | nc -l 1234 | |
| nmap | Port-scanning tool | nmap -sT -p 80 www.baidu.com | |
| mtr | Network connectivity tester | mtr www.baidu.com | |
| iperf | Network performance tester | iperf -s -p 1234 | |
| iptraf | Network traffic monitor | iptraf -i eth0 | |
| ipcalc | IP address calculator | ipcalc | |
| iftop | Network traffic monitor | iftop -i eth0 | |
| iostat | Disk I/O monitor | iostat -x 1 10 | |
| vmstat | Virtual memory monitor | vmstat 1 10 | |
| sar | System performance monitor | sar -n DEV 1 10 | |
| lsof | Show open file usage | lsof -i:80 | |
| strace | Trace system calls | strace -p 1234 | |
| tcpflow | Packet-capture tool | tcpflow -i eth0 -c -C -p -o /tmp/tcpflow | |
| tcpick | Packet-capture tool | tcpick -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/tcpick | |
| tcptrace | Packet-capture tool | tcptrace -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/tcptrace | |
| tcpslice | Packet-capture tool | tcpslice -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/tcpslice | |
| tcpstat | Packet-capture tool | tcpstat -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/tcpstat | |
| tcpdump | Packet-capture tool | tcpdump -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/tcpdump | |
| tshark | Packet-capture tool | tshark -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/tshark | |
| wireshark | Packet-capture tool | wireshark -i eth0 -C -p -o /tmp/wireshark | |
| socat | Network debugging tool | socat -d -d TCP-LISTEN:1234,fork TCP:www.baidu.com:80 | |
| ncat | Network debugging tool | ncat -l 1234 -c ’ncat www.baidu.com 80' | |
| netperf | Network performance tester | netperf -H www.baidu.com -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM | |
| netcat | Network debugging tool | netcat -l 1234 | |
| nc | Network debugging tool | nc -l 1234 | |
| netpipe | Network performance tester | netpipe -l 1234 | |
| netkit | Network debugging tool | netkit -l 1234 | |
| bridge | Bridge tool | bridge -s | |